Reinforcements
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All continues fibres are used in Pultrusion process however glass fibre and carbon fibre are mostly used fibres.
The mechanical properties of the composite profile are largely determinated by the type of reinforcement (unidirectional glass fibre roving or carbon fibre tow), its for (mat, woven fabric, multiaxial fabric etc.) and its position and orientation in the cross-section, and of course the fibre content has a very remarkable effect.
Glass Fibers
Glass fibre is the most widely used reinforcement material in pultrusion industry. Glass fibre is used as a reinforcing agent for many polymer products; the resulting composite material, properly known as fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) or glass-reinforced plastic (GRP), is called "Fibreglass" in popular usage. Glass fiber is formed when thin strands of silica-based or other formulation glass is extruded into many fibres with small diameters suitable for textile processing.
Glass fibre has good tensile, compression and impact properties.
Typical properties of Fibreglass (GRP) profiles and tubes are
- Light weight (75 % lighter than steel, and 30 % lighter than aluminium)
- Very good specific strength
- Very good specific stiffness
- Low coefficient of thermal expansion
- Thermal insulation
- Non-magnetic
- Good chemical resistance
- Low maintenance
- Weather proof
- Low water absorption (high fibre content)
- Cost effective
Aeron is using glass fibres in the form of Roving, Mats and woven rovings.
Carbon Fibre
Carbon fibre is widely used in high performance applications such as aerospace industry, automobile industry and sports goods.
The pultruded carbon fibre products have
- Light (80 % lighter than steel and 45 % lighter than aluminium)
- Extremely strong (UTS upto 3000 Mpa), high specific strength
- Extremely stiff (E from 80-400+ Gpa), high specific stiffness
- Very low coefficient of thermal expansion
- Low maintenance
- Weather proof
- Low water absorption
- Good fatigue and creep properties
- High vibration damping
The pultruded carbon fibre profiles are much stronger than steel, lighter than aluminium and may be stiffer than steel (stiffness range 100-400+ GPa).
Aramid Fibers
Aramid fibres have low density (1.45 kg/dm3) and high tensile strength. Aramid fibres have very good impact strength properties and they are used in anti-ballistic applications. Comparison of properties of pultruded profiles
Resin Comparison Table
| Fibre | Unit | Carbon | Glass | Aramid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | [kg/dm3] | 1.5-1.6 | 1.9-2.0 | 1.3 |
| Tensile Modulus | [Gpa] | 80-400+ | 38-45 | 70-75 |
| Tensile strength | [Mpa] | 1500-3000+ | 800-1200 | 800-1500 |